The Carnation Revolution: Understanding April 25th in Portugal 🌹
April 25, 1974 , a day that marked the history of Portugal, is celebrated every year as a symbol of the country’s democratic transition. Known as the Carnation Revolution , this date marks the end of the Estado Novo , an authoritarian dictatorship that lasted almost five decades. This article seeks to explain why this revolution continues to be a pillar of Portuguese national identity – and why it is so dear to the hearts of the Portuguese.
Historical context
Before 1974, Portugal lived under the strict control of the Estado Novo , an authoritarian regime led by António de Oliveira Salazar and later by Marcelo Caetano . Under this dictatorship, censorship was widespread, civil liberties were severely limited, and the secret police ( PIDE ) repressed any form of opposition.
The beginning of the revolution
The revolution began with a military coup led by the Armed Forces, tired of colonial wars in Africa and the oppressive regime. Although the movement intended to be discreet, it quickly gained support from the population. The military, organized in the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) , used red carnations donated by civilians to decorate their weapons and uniforms – a symbol of a peaceful struggle for freedom.
Immediate and long-term impact
The 25th of April resulted in the rapid fall of the regime , without any significant armed clashes – a remarkable achievement for a revolution. This event not only ended the dictatorship, but also led to the decolonization and independence of the former African colonies . Internally, it paved the way for the construction of a stable democracy, with significant improvements in living conditions and new social and economic policies.
Why is April 25th a holiday in Portugal?
April 25th is now a national holiday in Portugal, known as “Freedom Day” . It is celebrated throughout the country with parades, speeches, concerts and exhibitions. It is a day of reflection on the importance of freedom and democracy – values that the Carnation Revolution returned to a people deprived of these rights for so long.
The Revolution in collective memory
Today, the Carnation Revolution is remembered not only as a political and military success, but as a cultural and human triumph . It continues to inspire generations of Portuguese people – and also other peoples around the world who fight for their democratic rights. 🌍✨
Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution is a reminder of the importance of remaining vigilant in the face of the threats of authoritarianism and of remaining committed to peace, freedom and social justice throughout the world.
